目錄高中非謂語的三種形式和用法 非謂語動詞歸納筆記 非謂語動詞例句100句高中 非謂語動詞的歸納總結(jié) 非謂語動詞的教案
judging by/友告from 是孫告廳現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語 這是固定用法 屬于可允許的 分詞垂懸 現(xiàn)象
再如Generally speaking, 其邏輯主語是說話人則隱。
這與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)不相干
加上邏輯主語構(gòu)成 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)時 根據(jù)與邏輯主語的關(guān)系可以是judging或judged
答:judging from/ by ..., 作狀語,不差哪彎必考慮句子的主語與judge之間的邏輯關(guān)系,一如:Generally speaking, 我們都默認(rèn)其邏輯主語是人,是我們。
judged by..., 只有這一種說法,沒有judged from .... 其邏輯主語就是句子的主語。屬于正常虛悶用緩埋法。
有知識者與無知識者的區(qū)別,是前者受了苦會抱怨,會訴苦,后者卻訥訥不能言。下面我給大家分享一些高中英語非謂語動詞知識,希望能夠幫助大家,歡迎閱讀!
高中英語非謂語動詞知識1
非謂語動詞的形式
非謂語動詞包含四種形式,即不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。其中,每種形式按照發(fā)生時間和主被動又包括不同的子形式。具體如下:
1. 不定式
①基本形式:to do(表示主動,并且一般表示將來)
②被動式:to be done(表示被動,并且一般表示將來)
③進(jìn)行式:to be doing (表示主動和進(jìn)行)
④完成時:to have done(表示主動和完成)
⑤完成被動式:to have been done(表示被動和完成)
⑥完成進(jìn)行式:to have been doing (表示主動和完成進(jìn)行)
例如:
The teacher told us to do morning exercises .
老師讓我們做早操。
The car to be bought is for his sister.
要買的這輛車是給他的姐姐的。
She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.
老師進(jìn)來時,她假裝正在讀書。
The thief is said to have escaped.
據(jù)說小偷已經(jīng)逃跑了。
The thief is said to have been arrested.
據(jù)說小偷已經(jīng)被滲早抓住了。
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.
據(jù)說在過去的20年里,她一直在這家工廠工作。
2. 動名詞
①基本形式:doing (表示主動)
②被動式:being done(表示被動)
③完成式:having done(表示主動和完成)
④完成被動式:having been done(表示被動和完成)
例如:
Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.
在未來,普通人在太空旅行將會是普遍的事情。
Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by theirfans.
Freddy和他的樂隊(duì)到哪里都被他們的粉絲跟著。
I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you.
我不知道他做過這樣一件違背你的事情。
Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop.
很多顧客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少兩過。
3. 現(xiàn)在分詞
①基本形式:doing (表示主動和進(jìn)行)
②被動式:being done(表示被動和進(jìn)行)
③完成式:having done(表示主動和完成)
④完成被動式:having been done(表示被動和完成)
He sat there,reading a newspaper.
他坐在那里,讀著一張報紙。
The area being studied may be rich in coal.
這個正在被研究的地方可能富含煤叢吵雀。
Having finished my homework,I began to watch TV.
完成作業(yè)后,我開始看電視。
Having been told many times,she still can't remember it.
已經(jīng)被告訴了很多次,她仍然記不住。
4. 過去分詞(done)
及物動詞的過去分詞表示被動或完成;不及物動詞的過去分詞表示主動或完成。
polluted river 被污染的河流
fallen leaves 落葉
注意:非謂語動詞本身不能表示現(xiàn)在和過去。非謂語動詞表示進(jìn)行、碰裂將來和完成時是相對于謂語動作來說的:和謂語動作同時發(fā)生表示進(jìn)行;發(fā)生在謂語動作之后表示將來;發(fā)生在謂語動作之前表示完成。
高中英語非謂語動詞知識2
非謂語動詞的作用
非謂語動詞除去不能做謂語之外,其它所有成分都可以做。具體如下:
1. 不定式:做主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。
To learn a foreign language is difficult .(作主語)
學(xué)會一門外語是很難的。
It’s easy to see their aunt.(作真正主語,it做形式主語)
很容易見到他們的姑姑。
Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.(作賓語)
湯姆想要喝杯啤酒。
His wish is to be a driver.(作表語)
他的愿望是當(dāng)一名司機(jī)。
I have nothing to say.(作定語)
我沒有什么可說的。
The teacher told us to do morning exercises .(作賓語補(bǔ)足語)
老師讓我們做早操。
They went to see their aunt. (目的狀語)
他們?nèi)ヒ娝麄兊墓霉谩?/p>
2. 動名詞:做主語、賓語、表語、定語和補(bǔ)語。
Learning English is very difficult .(作主語)
學(xué)英語非常困難。
I enjoy dancing.(作動詞賓語)
我喜歡跳舞。
I have got used to living in the country.(作介詞賓語)
我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了住農(nóng)村。
His job is driving a bus.(作表語)
他的工作是開車。
3. 現(xiàn)在分詞:做表語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。
The story is interesting.
這個故事有趣。
He sat there,reading a newspaper.(作狀語)
他坐在那里,讀著一張報紙。
The area being studied may be rich in coal.(作定語)
這個正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。
He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.(作賓補(bǔ))
他看到小偷正在從銀行偷錢。
4. 過去分詞:做表語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。
He is interested in the news.(作表語)
他對這則消息很感興趣。
polluted river(做定語)
被污染的河流
Given more time,I can do my work better.(做狀語)
如果再被多給些時間,我會把工作做得更好。
I found my watch stolen.(做賓補(bǔ))
我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的手表被偷了。
高中英語非謂語動詞知識3
非謂語動詞重、疑、難點(diǎn)
1. 須用省去to 的不定式(do)作賓補(bǔ)的11個動詞。
五看(see、watch、notice、observe、look at)
兩聽(hear、listen to)
三使(make、let、have)
一感覺(feel)
根據(jù)諧音記憶法,我們可以記做“吾看兩廳三室一感覺”。
例如:
I saw a big bird fly over the roof of the house yesterday.
昨天,我看到一只大鳥飛過了屋頂。
注意:以上11個動詞,也可以接現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作賓補(bǔ),但在時間和語態(tài)上會有變化,我們以see為例來區(qū)分一下。
see sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事
see sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事
see sb./sth. done 看到某人/某物被......
I see him make the phone call.
我看到他打了電話。(他打電話的整個動作我都看見了)
I see him making a phone call.我看到他正在打電話。(強(qiáng)調(diào)看到他正在打電話,并沒有看見全過程.)
We often see him surrounded by much work.
我們常常看見他被大量的工作包圍著.
2.只接不定式(不能接動名詞)作賓語的25個常用動詞
want、wouldlike、wish、help、hope、learn、manage、offer、plan、afford、agree、arrange、ask、beg、care、choose、decide、demand、determine、expect、fear、prepare、pretend、promise、refuse
3. 只接動名詞(不能接不定式)作賓語的28個常用動詞
practice、consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、putoff、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、mind、miss、permit、prohibit
4. 既可接不定式也可接動名詞,但含義完全不同的8個動詞
remember to do sth. 記住要做某事(未做)
remember doing sth. 記得做過某事(已做)
forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事(未做)
forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事(已做)
regret to do sth. 遺憾要做某事(未做)
regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做過某事(已做)
try to do sth. 努力做某事
try doing sth. 嘗試做某事
mean to do sth. 計(jì)劃做某事
mean doing sth. 意味著做某事
can’t help to do sth. 不能幫助做某事
can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
go on yo do sth. 繼續(xù)做另一件事
go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做同一件事
stop to do sth. 停下來去做另一件事
stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情
5.所有非謂語動詞的完成形式都不能做定語
如to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done 和 havingbeen done。
高中英語非謂語動詞知識點(diǎn)相關(guān)文章:
★高中英語非謂語知識點(diǎn)
★高中英語語法獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)知識點(diǎn)
★高考英語復(fù)習(xí)知識點(diǎn):動詞和動詞詞組及非謂語動詞
★高二下冊20道最難英語詞匯題
問題一:非謂語是什么?兆型非謂語動詞是指一些特殊的動詞形式,它們具有動詞的含義,卻不能獨(dú)立充當(dāng)謂語,因此叫非謂語動詞,它包括:動詞不定式,過去分詞,現(xiàn)在分詞,動名詞etc。
非謂語動詞是高中英語的重點(diǎn)和常考點(diǎn),學(xué)好應(yīng)用它也可以為你的作文增色不叮,這個文檔有詳細(xì)介紹各種非謂語動詞的用法,可以看一下。
211.64.0.219/...77.doc
問題二:非謂語動詞是什么意思? 5分 在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語以外的各種句子成分的動詞形式,叫做非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞也是動詞的一種,他們有著動詞的其他特點(diǎn),可以充當(dāng)主語、賓語、狀語等。非謂語動詞與謂語動詞是相對的概念。
比如:1.It's nice to meet you. 這里的to meet(to do)動詞不定式就是一個非謂語動詞轎或
2.I regret not following his advice.這里的following,動名詞形式
還有比如現(xiàn)在分詞。
簡單點(diǎn)說,就是除了主要的那個動閉猜伍詞以外的其他動詞形式,從字面理解是不是謂語的動詞(是動詞,但是不是謂語,只是動詞的一種形式)
一、非謂語動詞種類及句法功能(一)概述:在英語中,運(yùn)舉清不作句子謂語,而具有除謂語外其他語法功能的動詞,叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞有動詞不定式(the Infinitive);動名詞(the Gerund);現(xiàn)在分詞(the Present Participle);過去分詞(the Past Participle)。 1.非謂語動詞與謂語動詞的相同點(diǎn)有: (答襲1)如果是及物動詞都可與賓語連用,例如:They built a garden.They suggested building a garden. (2)都可以被狀語修飾:The suit fits him very well.The suit used to fit him very well. (3)都有主動與被動, “體”式(一般式;進(jìn)行式;完成式)的變化。例如:He was punished by his parents.(謂語動詞被動語態(tài))He avoided being punished by his parents.(動名詞的被動式)We have written the composition.(謂語動詞的完成時)Having written the composition, we handed it in.(現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式) (4)都可以有邏輯主語They started the work at once.(謂語動詞的邏輯主語)The boss ordered them to start the work.(動詞不定式的邏輯主語)We are League members.(謂語動詞的主語)We being League member, the work was well done.(現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語)2、非謂語動詞與謂語動詞的不同點(diǎn)有:(1)非謂語動詞可以有名詞作用(如動詞不定式和動名詞),在句中做主語、賓語、表語。(2)非謂語動詞可以有形容詞作用(如動詞不定式和分詞),在句旁前中做定語、表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語。(3)非謂語動詞可以有副詞作用(如動詞不定式和分詞),在句中作狀語。(二)非謂語動詞的句法功能:二、非謂語動詞用法:(一)動詞不定式:(to)+do,具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征。1.不定式的形式:(以動詞write為例) 否定式:not + (to) do(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之后, 例如: I'm glad to meet you. He seems to know a lot. We plan to pay a visit. He wants to be an artist. The patient asked to be operated on at once. The teacher ordered the work to be done. (2)進(jìn)行式:不定式的進(jìn)行式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生,例如: The boy pretended to be working hard. He seems to be reading in his room. (3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前,例如: I regretted to have told a lie. I happened to have seen the film. He is pleased to have met his friend.2.不定式的句法功能:(1)作主語: To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. To lose your heart means failure. 動詞不定式短語作主語時,常用it作形式主語,例如上面兩句可用如下形式: It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose your heart.(2)作表語: Her job is to clean the hall. He appears to have caught a cold.(3)作賓語:常與不定式做賓語連用的動詞有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(賓語)后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語,則用it作形式賓語,真正的賓語(不定式)后置,放在賓語補(bǔ)足語后面,例如:Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 動詞不定式也可充當(dāng)介詞賓語,如: I have no choice but to stay here. He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 動詞不定式前有時可與疑問詞連用,如: He gave us some advice on how to learn English. (4)作賓語補(bǔ)足語: 在復(fù)合賓語中,動詞不定式可充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語,如下動詞常跟這種復(fù)合賓語:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite. 此外,介詞有時也與這種復(fù)合賓語連用,如: With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.有些動詞如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等與不帶有to的不定式連用,但改為被動語態(tài)時,不定式要加to, 如: I saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the road.(5)作定語:動詞不定式作定語,放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。與所修飾名詞有如下關(guān)系:①動賓關(guān)系:I have a meeting to attend.注意:不定式為不及物動詞時,所修飾的名詞如果是地點(diǎn)、等,應(yīng)有必要的介詞,如:He found a good house to live in.The child has nothing to worry about.What did you open it with?如果不定式修飾time, place, way,可以省略介詞:He has no place to live.This is the best way to work out this problem.如果不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動作承受者,不定式可用主動式也可用被動式:Have you got anything to send?Have you got anything to be sent?②說明所修飾名詞的內(nèi)容:We have made a plan to finish the work.③被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語:He is the first to get here.(6)作狀語:①表目的:He worked day and night to get the money.She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.注意不定式放句首時,邏輯主語與句子主語要一致:wrong:To save money, every means has been tried.right:To save money, he has tried every means.wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.②表結(jié)果:He arrived late to find the train gone.常用only放在不定式前表示強(qiáng)調(diào):I visited him only to find him out.③表原因:They were very sad to hear the news.④表程度:It's too dark for us to see anything.The question is simple for him to answer.(7)作獨(dú)立成分: To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.(8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do動詞。 If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.(9)不定式的并列:第二個不定式可省略to。 He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.(二)動名詞:動名詞既具有動詞的一些特征,又具有名詞的句法功能。1.動名詞的形式:否定式:not + 動名詞(1)一般式:Seeing is believing. 眼見為實(shí)。(2)被動式:He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀請就來到了晚會。(3)完成式:We remembered having seen the film. 我們記得看過這部電影。(4)完成被動式:He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘記五歲時曾被帶到廣州去過。(5)否定式:not + 動名詞I regret not following his advice. 我后悔沒聽他的勸告。(6)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):物主代詞(或名詞所有格)+ 動名詞He suggested our trying it once again. 他建議我們再試一次。His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英語給他帶來許多麻煩。2.動名詞的句法功能:(1)作主語:Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗讀是很有好處的。Collecting stamps is interesting. 集郵很有趣。當(dāng)動名詞短語作主語時常用it作形式主語。It's no use quarrelling.爭吵是沒用的。(2)作表語:In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs. 在螞蟻王國,蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵。(3)作賓語:They haven't finished building the dam. 他們還沒有建好大壩。We have to prevent the air from being polluted.我們必須阻止空氣被污染。注意動名詞既可作動詞賓語也可作介詞賓語,如上面兩個例句。此外,動名詞作賓語時,若跟有賓語補(bǔ)足語,則常用形式賓語it,例如:We found it no good making fun of others. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)取笑他人不好。要記住如下動詞及短語只跟動名詞作賓語:enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承認(rèn)),deny(否認(rèn)), mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk(冒險), appreciate(感激), be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help(情不自禁地), think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…(from),protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like(4)作定語:He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他沒有拐杖不能走路。Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你們學(xué)校有游泳池嗎?(5)作同位語:The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那個山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.他收聽收音機(jī)新聞節(jié)目的習(xí)慣仍未改變。(三)現(xiàn)在分詞:現(xiàn)在分詞既具有動詞的一些特征,又具有形容詞和副詞的句法功能。1、現(xiàn)在分詞的形式:否定式:not + 現(xiàn)在分詞(1)現(xiàn)在分詞的主動語態(tài):現(xiàn)在分詞主動語態(tài)的一般式表示與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生,完成 式表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生,常作狀語。例如:They went to the park, singing and talking. 他們邊唱邊說向公園走去。Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作業(yè),他開始打籃球。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài):一般式表示與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的被動的動作,完成式表示發(fā)生在謂語動 詞之前的被動的動作。The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被討論的問題很重要。Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 被告訴了好幾遍,這個淘氣的孩子又犯了同一個錯誤。2.現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能:(1)作定語:現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,當(dāng)分詞單獨(dú)做定語時,放在所修飾的名詞前;如果是分詞短語做定語 放在名詞后。In the following years he worked even harder. 在后來的幾年中,他學(xué)習(xí)更努力了。The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.正與老師談話的那個人是我們班長的父親。現(xiàn)在分詞作定語相當(dāng)于一個定語從句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改為the man who is speaking to the teacher. (2)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語:The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在這家上演的電影很棒。The present situation is inspiring. 當(dāng)前的形勢鼓舞人心。be + doing既可能表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時,也可能是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語,它們的區(qū)別在于be + doing表示進(jìn)行的動作是進(jìn)行時,而表示特征時是系動詞be與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。(3)作賓語補(bǔ)足語:如下動詞后可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語:see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如:Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎?He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他讓小汽車在門口等著。(4)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語:①作時間狀語:(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工廠工作時,他是一名先進(jìn)工人。②作原因狀語:Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青團(tuán)員,他經(jīng)常幫助他人。③作方式狀語,表示伴隨:He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗。④作條件狀語:(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩,你就會浪費(fèi)寶貴的時間。⑤作結(jié)果狀語:He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,結(jié)果摔得粉碎。⑥作目的狀語:He went swimming the other day. 幾天前他去游泳了。⑦作讓步狀語:Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 雖然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。⑧與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格:I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard.我等汽車時,一只鳥落到我頭上。All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已經(jīng)賣光了,他們失望地離開了。Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises. 如果時間允許,我們將做另兩個練習(xí)。有時也可用with (without) +名詞(代詞賓格)+分詞形式With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了。⑨作獨(dú)立成分:udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 從外表看,他一定是個演員。Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般說來,女孩子更細(xì)心。(四)過去分詞:過去分詞只有一種形式:規(guī)則動詞由動詞原形加詞尾-ed構(gòu)成。不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞沒有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則要求,要一一記住。過去分詞的句法功能:1.過去分詞作定語:Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我們班開展了一次有組織的旅行。Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 當(dāng)選為委員的人將出席這次會。注意當(dāng)過去分詞是單詞時,一般用于名詞前,如果是過去分詞短語,就放在名詞的后面。過去分詞做定語相當(dāng)于一個被動語態(tài)的定語從句。2.過去分詞作表語:The window is broken. 窗戶破了。They were frightened at the sad sight. 他們對眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。注意:be + 過去分詞,如果表示狀態(tài)是系表結(jié)構(gòu),如果表示被動的動作是被動語態(tài)。區(qū)別:The window is broken.(系表)The window was broken by the boy.(被動)有些過去分詞是不及物動詞構(gòu)成的,不表示被動,只表示完成。如:boiled water(開水)fallen leaves(落葉)newly arrived goods(新到的貨) the risen sun(升起的太陽)the changed world(變了的世界)這類過去分詞有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。3.過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語:I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我聽見這首歌被唱了好幾次。有時過去分詞做with短語中的賓語補(bǔ)足語:With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他們出去玩去了。4.過去分詞作狀語:Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 受到鄰居們的表揚(yáng),他成為父母的驕傲。(表示原因)Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看見,人們就忘不了。(表示時間)Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.如果給予更多的時間,我能做得更好。(表示條件)Though told of the danger, he still risked his life